Genocide

The term genocide was not coined until 1943 when Raphael Lamkin used it to describe the Nazi reign in Europe (ROD notes). Genocide refers to the systematic destruction of a racial or cultural group. Two examples of this are the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking. The Holocaust deals with the Nazi’s takeover of Europe during World War II, and the Rape of Nanking is the Japanese invasion of China in the late 1930’s. These events in history serve a painful reminder of the cruelest depths of human nature, but also of the possibilities that lie within every catastrophe. Bystanders always play a key role in any event, whether they have a positive or negative effect on the outcome of the situation at hand. Most, if not all, of the bystanders during the Rape of Nanking were western missionaries that happened to be in China at that time. Among them were doctors, a filmmaker, and even a Nazi. The filmmaker was a man named John Magee whose films have helped historians unlock some of the mysteries about that gruesome time. RabÐ ¹ was another bystander who happened to be a Nazi with connections to Adolf Hitler. He contacted Hitler and told him of the current atrocities in Nanking and asked for assistance in fighting the Japanese; assistance that was later denied. All of the Westerners decided to take action in this situation by setting up the International Safety Zone, which harbored 300,000 Chinese refugees, in the center of Nanking. This assistance helped the people of Nanking to a phenomenal degree. On the contrary, the bystanders during the Holocaust did very little to help the victims. The bystanders during the Holocaust were mainly the Germans who lived in the surrounding areas of the concentration camps. Most of these Germans had an idea of what was going on, yet they did nothing. They had an ignorant mindset; they did not want to know and they did not care. Due to this ignorance many war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed in both cases (Horvath). During the Rape of Nanking there were many war crimes and crimes against humanity that occurred. The Japanese soldiers gathered thousands of Chinese women and forced them to live in barracks while being raped on a daily basis. They raped women of all ages, from little girls whom they cut due to their pre-pubescent age to old women into their 80’s (A&E). This extensive raping is considered a crime against humanity. There were many war crimes committed by the Japanese soldiers during the Rape of Nanking. They used the prisoner’s of war for bayonet practice, and also held killing contests in which the Japanese officers vied to see who could kill the most people and get the highest body count. An interesting fact about the Japanese is that they were contemptuous of those who surrendered. They considered surrendering to be dishonorable and therefore felt as though it downgraded the surrendering Chinese soldiers to the level of animals. These Chinese soldiers were then shot on sight (A&E). Many more crimes were committed during these eight tragic weeks. The crimes that were committed during the Holocaust partially resemble the atrocities at Nanking. In the Holocaust people were also gathered and forced to live in barracks, but unlike Nanking they were killed for a reason. People were selected on the basis of race and religion; this is discrimination which is a crime against humanity. The largest group of those unfortunately selected, was the Jews. They were killed in masses and tortured through experimentation. Those who were barricaded in the death camps were deprived of food and proper hygiene which caused the spread of many diseases and eventually more deaths. The carnage that took place at both Nanking and during the Holocaust was due to the horrible crimes that were committed. One would hope that the offenders of these crimes would receive an equally harsh punishment (Horvath). At the conclusion of each event there was a war crime trial held. After Nanking the Tokyo War Crime Trial took place, but did not serve justice. Only eight men were killed during this process. There were seven â€Å"A class† criminals that were hung, and General Matsui was also killed. Some others spent a few years in jail and then were left to continue with their lives. In fact, the man actually responsible for the crimes committed at Nanking, Prince Yusuhiko Asaka, was never even prosecuted for his role. The Nuremburg trials were held at the summation of the Holocaust (A&E). Although justice can never be served to those who were killed and tortured in the Nazi camps and their families, the Nuremburg trials had a better outcome than that of the Tokyo trials. Many Nazi soldiers were sought out and sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the Holocaust. Unfortunately, many Nazi’s fled the country when the Americans invaded Germany and found harbor in African countries (Horvath). Both trials hardly reversed the injustices that were brought upon the victims of each incident. There are many long-term effects that have been brought upon by the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking. One positive effect taken from these events is the heightened world-wide prevention of genocide. Many countries around the world have tried to intervene in such places as Bosnia, Cambodia, and Kosovo in order to deter those who are attempting to kill masses of innocent people (Horvath). In the minds of nearly all Japanese, the Rape of Nanking never occurred. Its story is neither told nor taught in schools, and those who have accused the Japanese government of concealing the truth have been threatened or killed. If you were to visit Japan and inquire upon many average citizens about this event, they would have no knowledge of the carnage or even the occurrence of Nanking. Although, there are those Japanese fanatics who worship the Japanese soldiers during Nanking as Gods and have set up shrines in honor of them (A&E). The atmosphere in Germany is a bit different, but has similar qualities as well. The overall German population today is very ashamed of the war criminals that represented their country. However, many current Nazi enthusiasts deny that the Holocaust ever happened. This declaration comes as a heart breaking hit to the survivors and their families (Horvath). These survivors must live the rest of their lives with the haunting and painful memories that remain vivid in their minds. At the chance that those memories subside, they are still left with the physical scars that remind them daily. The Rape of Nanking and the Holocaust are two events that have had a significant impact upon the world. There will always remain the memories of the wide-spread raping and murdering at Nanking. The mass executions and torture during the Holocaust will also linger forever in the minds of numerous survivors and their relations. Hopefully, both occasions will serve as a reminder to all people of the possibilities that can occur when you release your civil liberties. These agonizing events can never be expunged from history and no trial can ease the pangs of the victims of these crimes. Remember these victims, but more importantly learn through their experiences.

Discipline in the Public School

Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools Patricia Williams Dr. Sonya S. Shepherd EDU 520 Education and the Law July 22, 2012 Every child and young person has a right to an education. Along with those rights students, have the responsibilities to follow rules. If rules get broken schools can impose punishments to try to correct the behaviors from happening again. Schools must let the students be able to voice their opinions on whether the punishment is fair.The purpose of this paper is to examine three (3) current rulings about different types of discipline in public schools. Next summarize the cases and the court’s decision for each case. Finally give an opinion whether for or against the court’s decision and justify the position. Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser Michael Fraser a student at Bethel High School made a speech in front of an assembly that was considered to be lewd. In reaction to the speech, he was suspended from school. Michael Fraser brought suit against the school in a U. S. istrict court, claiming that his First Amendment right to freedom of speech had been violated. (Essex p. 51, 2012) The Supreme Court said Bethel High School officials in Washington did not violate the First Amendment by punishing Matthew Fraser for a campaign speech that was considered lewd. Both of the lower courts had ruled for Fraser because there was no disruption following the speech given in the school auditorium. Because it was a school sponsored activity, the Supreme Court said school officials had the right to punish the risque content of his speech.While students are afforded the First Amendment freedoms of speech and expression, they are still answerable for their actions when they are offensive to others. Matthew Fraser's behavior was disruptive to the educational process. Fraser was in a public high school and at a school-sponsored activity. He was under the authority of the school, not standing on a street corner. Schools must have t he authority to guide young people into healthy and acceptable social forms of expression.Speech is limited even for adults, and no one can claim that high school students are adults. Fraser was not punished for the political nature of his speech, but rather for its sexual innuendo and obscenity. Hermitage School District v. Layshock In December 2005, Justin Layshock and three other high school students created fake MySpace profiles for their principal, Eric Trosch. The profiles included an official school portrait of Trosch and answers to the website's template questions for creating a profile.Many of the answers were derogatory and sexually explicit. One profile indicated that Trosch's favorite movie was a pornographic film. Another indicated that Trosch liked to have sex with students and brutalize women. A third said that he kept a keg of beer at his desk at school, was on steroids, and smoked marijuana. School officials discovered the profile, and the school district suspended Layshock for 10 days, ordered him to finish high school in an Alternative Education Program, and forbid him from attending graduation.In Layshock, the court ruled for Justin Layshock, who was a 17-year-old senior when he created a MySpace profile portraying his principal as a big drinker, a smoker of a ‘big blunt† and a â€Å"big steroid freak. † The school had suspended Layshock, placed him in an alternative education program, despite his classification as a gifted student, and barred him from extracurricular activities. (ABA Journal)After the school district disciplined Layshock, he brought a federal lawsuit claiming that the school's punishment violated his First Amendment rights.In July 2007, the district court granted summary judgment to Layshock on his claim that that the school's punishment violated his First Amendment rights. The only school resource which Justin even arguably involved in creating the web parody was a photograph available to the public on the school's website which the student cut and pasted into his website. I think Justin's behavior did not cause disruption in the school, because a school district does not have the authority to reach outside the schoolhouse to control student behavior.Justin’s actions were not related to any school sponsored event. Morse v. Frederick Joseph Frederick, a senior at Juneau-Douglas High School, unfurled a banner saying â€Å"Bong Hits 4 Jesus† during the Olympic Torch Relay through Juneau, Alaska on January 24, 2002. (Education and the Law Journal, p. 57) Frederick's attendance at the event was part of a school-supervised activity. The school's principal, Deborah Morse, told Frederick to put away the banner, as she was concerned it could be interpreted as advocating illegal drug activity. After Frederick refused to comply, she took the banner from him.Frederick originally was suspended from school for 10 days for violating school policy, which forbids advocating the use o f illegal drugs. The U. S. District Court for the District of Alaska ruled for Morse, saying that Frederick's action was not protected by the First Amendment. The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed and held that Frederick's banner was constitutionally protected. In this case the principle jumped the gun and assumed that the word bong was referencing drugs and I think it did not. Fredrick even stated that that was words to try to get the television station to see their banner and a way to get on TV.I think he was telling the truth about wanting to be seen on TV because crazy teenagers will say and do just about anything to be on TV so they can brag to their friends just to say they were on TV. I think that if all these cases were up to date, that they will re-evaluate the rulings now because you have so many people committing suicide over the words that people are saying whether it is on the internet or at their school. It is a shame that you do have people that ar e doing cyber bullying and you cannot be sure of how the victims react, because they may retaliate.The world is forever changing and the words are being recognized as being hurtful. References ABAJournal. com: â€Å"Students Disciplined for Fake MySpace Profiles of Principals Get 3rd Circuit Rehearing† Cooper, Madeleine Arsenault. BONG HiTS 4 JESUS . . . IN CANADA? The Implications of Morse v. Frederick for Student Free Speech in the United States and Canada, Education ; Law Journal, Volume 18, Number 1, July 2008, 57. Essex, E. L. School Law and the Public Schools: A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders. 5th ed. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2012.

Explication of “Siren Song” by Margaret Atwood Essay

Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Siren Song† is a lyric that consists of nine three-lined stanzas that neither possess any recognizable rhyme scheme nor rhythm. The speaker of this poem is a mythical creature, a Siren, who addresses us, the audience, when she speaks of the victims whom she lured through the enticing song she sings. The overall tone of this poem is sarcastic and quite sinister. The title itself immediately depicts the theme and speaker of the poem. The whole poem is an example of classical allusion, referring to Homer’s Odyssey. The Sirens within the Odyssey are said to be captivating women who sit on an island and lure men with their tantalizing song and beautiful voices, causing them to jump out of their ships and die. The title of the poem forewarns us, and with a name like â€Å"Siren†, the audience should comprehend its literal meaning: â€Å"Danger! Warning! Avoid if you can!†, but we, as readers, want to know more about the Siren’s song, anyway. With naà ¯ve arrogance, we approach the subject, thinking we are strong enough to turn away if things take a turn for the worse, after all, it is just a song. In the first three stanzas, the Siren introduces and briskly elaborates on her tempting song. â€Å"This is the one song everyone would like to learn: the song that is irresistible†, she says. She begins to lure us into her trap as we become curious as to why the song is so compelling. The Siren explains how men jump overboard after hearing her song, even though they see the skulls that are scattered around the island. Most would think that this is an obvious indication as to the outcome for the â€Å"squadrons [of men]† as well. Her song is one that â€Å"nobody knows because anyone who has heard it is dead†, which should also deter the audience from wanting to hear her song, but we are still, of course, tempted. These first three stanzas serve as an â€Å"alluring warning†, in a sense. Through the next five stanzas, she continues to say that if we assist her â€Å"out of [her] bird suit†, she â€Å"shall tell [us] the secret†. We are left, curiously, to find out what the secret is. The image of a â€Å"bird suit† is a symbol for the conformity the Siren endures, or rather, what she wants us to believe she endures. She says she doesn’t enjoy â€Å"squatting on [an] island, looking picturesque and mythical, with two [other] maniacs†. She makes us believe that all she wants is to be freed from being trapped in her â€Å"bird suit†. She tries to convince us to â€Å"come closer†, and continues to make us feel special, saying that we are â€Å"unique†, and that â€Å"only [we]† can help her. She insists that her song is really â€Å"a cry for help†, and that she’ll tell us her secret – all we have to do is lean in and continue to listen to her tantalizing song. â€Å"Alas it is a boring song but it works every time†, says the Siren in the final stanza. Her song, her cries for help – they all have been a ploy to lure in her next victims. Maybe, her promise to reveal her secret was kept, after all. Perhaps her secret was the fact that her song will always work. She describes her song as â€Å"boring†, and seems almost amused with the outcome of her trap, as though her devious ways are second nature. Regrettably, however, we fell victims to her conniving personality and enthralling song, even after being warned from the moment we read the title. â€Å"Siren Song† by Margaret Atwood is a beautiful poem that cleverly describes the method the Siren uses to catch her victims. The poem takes on a sinister and seductive nature, which leaves us to be quite the opposite of â€Å"unique† – another victim of the Sirens.

Human Resource Management suggestions for Losalot Ltd Essay

Human Resource Management suggestions for Losalot Ltd - Essay Example HRM is all about this. Employees are taught to be positive, deliver quality work, have a sense of humor, and work as a team. Employees should be interested in performing as a team and take joy in team results, rather than aim at individual accomplishments. HRM identifies people with qualities associated with conformity, positive attitude, and partnership. Building a team with members with such exemplary qualities mitigates the work of an organization and together, they can build a work force that performs exemplarily in all the organization desires (Corporate Culture, Auxillium West -The HR Manager). Strong HRM practices are characterized by an equally strong internal labor market, consultative decision making and enterprise unionism. Strong employee-management relationship, leading to employee identification with the firm and a high commitment to innovative production practices that enhance the firm's performance is of prime importance in the context of company progress and development. This could change with employees creating trouble through non-cooperation or their laidback attitude towards their work and superior supervisors. In such situations, it is the company that suffers from low production and strikes. Unless the company HR personnel are well versed with legislations, the company will ultimately have to pay heavy compensation to these employees. A good HR is aware of his/her rights and legislations that offer solace to companies against such employee demonstrations. 1.0 Introduction Losalot Ltd is such a company that doesn't employ an HR specialist. All its recruitment and selection are carried out by the company line managers, who without any proper training in HR law, find themselves making mistakes and forced to pay out large sums of money as compensation to job applicants and current employees. Losalot Ltd is left with no choice but to adhere to the demands of the problem-making employees. In order to avoid further annoyance, the company seeks a remedy to bail them out of this perennial problem. HR should be well versed with legislations relating to recruitment, selection, equalizing, employment opportunities and the formation of employments contracts. 2.0 Legislations The Human Rights Act 1998 came into being in October 2000. 18 Articles consisting of rights and freedom came under this statutory. Of these Articles 6/8/9/10/11/and 14 have far reaching implications for HR. One Article addresses the religious sentiments of minority groups at workplace: The reputation of the industry for giving low priority to personnel matters is reflected in an almost universal disregard of the code of racial equality. Discrimination in recruitment, training, motivation, and promotion can have a bearing on life chances. This can also be referred to in 'Religion and Belief, Dec 2003. Can employers monitor their employee's e-mails This can be termed as a violation into the privacy of an individual and can be referred to discrimination of human rights. Are personal relationships at work grounds for dismissal This depends upon the nature of relationship and the context in which, if it does, affects performance. Personal relationships are fine as long as they don't come between duty and quality. However, it is advisable to have personal relationships outside working hours and work premises. Can an employer insist on a dress code or uniform

Self Assessment Analysis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Assessment Analysis - Speech or Presentation Example I had a problem of making eye contact with my audience ever since I started delivering as a public speaker. But after making gradual attempts of delivering speeches in front of my friends I have improved on the aspect of eye contact. I can now successfully look into the eyes of audience for a bit but then again I tend to feel some kind of problem when looking at the audience for long. Hence it can be said that the aspect of eye contact has improved but it still needs some work. The problem of nervousness when delivering speeches is the most formidable task to handle. It is because of this nervousness that I used to stutter when delivering my speeches. Over time I practiced my speeches and gave them in front of my close acquaintances so that I could work on the problem. When I delivered the speech in front of them I did not face any problem of nervousness whereas when I delivered the speech while being on the stage I began to face the same problem again. Thus it can be said that I hav e some kind of stage fear which can only go if I believe in myself. In other words I should build up on my self confidence level so that I can deliver in front of a huge crowd. Organization of speech is also an important perspective which should be kept in mind when delivering different speeches. It is this organization which helps the audience understands the root and theme of the speech being given. A public speaker should know how to organize and deliver the speech in accordance so that the audience can feel the theme provided by him. I have learned the art of organization and can easily use this skill to organize my speech accordingly. When I deliver my speech these days I tend to use this skill and impress my audience through this organization. When delivering a speech it is important that the public speaker connects himself to the audience so that they can understand what he is actually trying to convey through his speech. Connecting to the audience can be done through differe nt aspects out of which looking into the eyes is an important one. The audience should see my expression when I deliver the speech and this would help them to connect to my inner feelings. As a public speaker I have realized that I can connect to the audience and express my inner feelings to them. It is through this technique that the audience appreciates the speeches that I give. Although I have not mastered this aspect I have gained experience in utilizing the technique. However I still need to work on it and gain more experience so that I can connect fully to the audience when delivering my speech. All these aspects are not yet mastered by me but over time I have improved myself in all these aspects. Gradually with a little more practice I believe that I would be able to master them and successfully deliver as a public speaker. I need to learn more techniques regarding speaking and have to take guidelines from experienced public speakers. I need to learn different ways through wh ich I would be able to successfully deliver a speech like professional public speakers and for such a thing I need to

Flow, Precipitation, and Turbidity of the Red Cedar River Lab Report

Flow, Precipitation, and Turbidity of the Red Cedar River - Lab Report Example Apparatus/Tools used The set of tools for turbidity and Particle Load include a sounding line (a rope attached to a concrete weight), a timer, a supply of tongue depressors, and the aerial photo, a bucket to collect samples of river water bottles or jugs for transporting water samples to the lab, and a device for filtering known volumes of water, graduated cylinders, a supply of filters that will retain particles ≠¥1ÃŽ ¼m in size, metal dishes for drying and storing the filters, an oven and a desiccator to dry the filters, and a balance for measuring particle mass. Procedure In measuring turgidity and filtration of the river water sample, the procedures included, first the river water sample was collected from a Farm Lane bridge. Secondly, filter papers were obtained from the stack and placed on the manifold followed by screwing the filtering cup down tightly in order to avoid leaks. As a third procedure, a vacuum was turned on followed by measuring out 0.5L of water at a time, which was then placed into a graduated cylinder while carefully pouring it into the filter cup. Water was added to the cylinder until when the filter paper turned brown. Water from both flasks was emptied after every use. Thirty filter papers were then placed labeled metal dish. This was followed by placing the metal dish with the filter into a drying oven. It was then that the filters were tried for a period of 24 hours. Finally, with the use of a metal weighing dish, the weight of the dried dirty filter was recorded.

International Business - Change Management Case Study

International Business - Change Management - Case Study Example It has won the following awards: the Northern Ireland Quality Award (twice); the Supreme Irish Quality Award; the parent company's overall quality award (four times); and the British Quality Award. With a turnover f around 258 million, it is among the top 10 companies in Northern Ireland, and is viewed as an exemplar by many local organizations. In addition, BTNI is one f the few companies in Ulster to have undertaken both TQM and large-scale BPR. The need for effective change management dates back to the mid-1980s when the parent company was privatized. Its former monopoly status and Civil Service ethos did little to equip the company to survive and prosper in a market-place which was changing at a rapid rate and becoming increasingly competitive. It quickly became apparent that a new culture, skills and value system were needed--the customer could no longer remain out f sight and out f mind'. Accordingly, this subsidiary, which with around 2600 employees is the smallest f the nine geographical zones' that together cover the whole f the UK, began its formal total quality journey in 1986. Senior management, with involvement from the corporate chief executive office, drew up the company's vision statement and quality policy, and its first cost f quality exercise was undertaken. This revealed that BTNI was overmanned, inefficient and expensive. Benchmarking exercises indicated that BT had approximately 10 times more staff than some f its major competitors. At this point the company could be described as being in crisis'. Its response to this crisis is interesting and informative. Response to crisis. Many writers believe that companies which regard themselves as being in crisis have no option but to re-engineer. It is also argued that the potential risks f BPR make it a last option for businesses, used only for company turnaround. Ryan (1994), for example, states that, in reality, crisis is the necessary trigger to push companies into such radical change. Talwar (1993) takes the opposite view, arguing that high-performing companies are more likely to undertake BPR. This is consistent with Bashein et al. (1994), who consider that re-engineering in a crisis may be inappropriate, as crisis can promote fear and even panic, neither f which is conducive to focused BPR. At BTNI, rather than immediately rushing into re-engineering, senior management developed a complex and long-term change strategy, key elements f which were BS 5750/ISO 9000 accreditation, total quality and, finally, process re-engineering. BTNI's improvement journey. Once the vision statement and quality policy were in place, a Quality Council was established to drive the company's improvement efforts. Figure 1, which maps the company's improvement journey, is revealing. As can be seen, early moves towards TQM in the mid-1980s proved less than successful, when compared with the rate f improvement achieved after BS 5750 accreditation. This was awarded for the company's maintenance operations in 1988/89 and for installation in 1991, followed by ISO 9001 accreditation for all parts f the company in 1993. BTNI's experience is consistent with

Answer QUESTIONS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer QUESTIONS - Coursework Example Lack of organizational policy –in the absence of a project manager the organization does not adopt a formal policy on the project’s management. Traditional and inconsistent policies cause in mixed results therefore project failure. Lack of enforcement of policy and procedures - even after policy establishment, it is not enforced. Because of this inconsistent results arise. If a standard and consistent approach to project management is devised by a company, it must be routinely policed in order to assure accuracy and uniform results. Lack of project management complexities – people generally under estimate the tasks involved with managing the project. Absence of the manager therefore results in people applying bad methods to run the project leading to poor results at the end of project. 3. The PMLC our organization uses the most is the Linear Model. It uses this model which falls under the Traditional Project Management approach because it is the most simple. The goal and solution are clearly defined; therefore a great situation and each process have to be completed before continuing with the next. 4. I would use the Incremental Project Management Life Cycle during development of a commercial software with well-defined requirements but realization may be delayed or one where basic software functionality are required early. The main model’s main objective is to build the system step by step, starting from the basic partial system features followed by gradually adding more features until the entire system is completed. Compared to the waterfall model, it permits flexibility by accommodating changes. It therefore also provides room for improvement in succeeding additions. Because projects are not centralized, resource allocation enables the project managers an accurate picture of the resources workloads. Project Insight enables project managers and resource managers to view all resources and all projects in the

Toxic Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toxic Recycling - Essay Example As new electronic products are introduced into the market older products are discarded by consumers resulting in increased electronic waste each year. With this increase in waste each year the recycling industry is expected to grow and the article highlights this growth by stating that in 2004 the recycling firms made over 10 million and employed over 1,000 inmates. Recycling, however, should be undertaken under proper conditions to avoid the release of heavy metals as dust into the environment, the article highlights that the recycling process undertaken by UNICOR using inmates as labour is undertaken under unhealthy conditions, inmates do not use equipment that is in line with OSHA standards, also they eat lunch in areas contaminated with heavy metals. The recycling firms, therefore, do not take into consideration the health of inmates and prison officers. With the recycling industry growing fast laws and regulations should be put in place in order to protect the environment and individuals who work in these recycling firms, the environmental agencies and occupational safety and health administration should inspect the recycling firms regularly to ensure that they follow set standards and those that violate these standards should pay heavy fines. The article from warfare to welfare by William Hartung and Jennifer Washburn discusses Lockheed Martin a company that is the largest weapon manufacturer, according to the article the company strategy by 2000 is to privatize social welfare by forming divisions in the company that will undertake welfare programs in the US, these programs include the distribution of food stamps and cash assistance. It is evident that in the year 2000 the company’s stock prices were declining and the company was in a financial crisis given that it had requested the Pentagon to offer an $855 million loan to pay for mergers.

Energy Sources Of The Future Essay Example for Free

Energy Sources Of The Future Essay Since Industrial Revolution, the use of fossil fuels has been the main source of power for their extensive use in industries, vehicles and in various scientific discoveries. This is continuing till today especially as some of the energy sources are being used up, but the needs of the current power are on the increase whereas the different sources of the planet continue to deplete. Notwithstanding electricity being generated in the power plants is making extensive use of the fossil fuels. The way human is interfering in the natural process for meeting his varied needs is causing the depletion of the fossil fuels at 50 million times more at the rate, which it is being formed. Coal, Oil and Natural gas are the three forms of energy found very near to the surface of the earth. Coal as a source of energy is being extensively used in United States. Oil is another major source of fossil fuel getting extracted every year in the form of petroleum like gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, lubricating oils, and fuel oils to be used in vehicles. Another form is Natural gas mainly being used is methane and is highly inflammable. All over the world scientists are declaring non renewable form of sources as scarce with the continuous search for the alternative renewable sources of energy like wind, air, sun power, heat etc. These forms of energy sources can be replenished continuously. Renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, biomass etc. are dependent on the solar energy directly or indirectly while on the other hand hydroelectric power is not essentially a renewable source of power because in case it is used in the large scale projects, it can result in ecological damage and irreversible consequences. (Farret Simoes, 2006) In 1991, a national wind resource wind inventory by the United States Department of Energy found that three states of the United States, North Dakota, Kansas and Texas have enough of the wind energy to meet the electricity needs of the whole nation. It was found that wind has much greater capacity to produce electricity than any other form of energy would produce. Much of the advancement made in the designs of the wind turbine since 1991 enabled the turbines to operate at lower wind speeds for harnessing more of the wind energy and for harvesting it at much greater heights. Comparatively very large share of the land area can be utilized for generating wind in very scarce populated wind rich areas like Patagonian region of Argentina, Great Plains of North America, Northwest China, and eastern Siberia. In 2002, it was found that it has comparatively higher rate of generating capacity of around 31, 100 megawatts (electricity forum. com) and is increasing continuously satisfying the needs of 40 million Europeans. Utilization of the wind is cheap, conducive to the environment, available in plenty and best renewable source of power. (Associated Press, 2008) Another form of alternative source of energy being experimented on a large scale is the power of sun. Though rate of solar power striking earth is in a very small fraction yet it provides around 10000 times of total commercial energy used by humans on planet. Solar power is an attractive dominant long-term alternative sustainable source of energy. The benefits are manifold- its availability is limitless, environmental friendly, and can be transmitted to earth from sun without any cost. (National Academy of Engineering, Online) Solar panels constitute most common means for tapping solar energy. Sunlight is converted to electricity through the use of solar cells photovoltaics. No doubt solar panels are used for capturing light energy, scientists are still working for improving methods of harvesting sun’s energy. Stephen Maldonado and his team of Michigan University are working upon the designing those systems that can be used for converting solar energy into chemical bond energy, which in turn can be used for producing electricity. The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it cannot be stored for long period and has to be consumed immediately. To overcome this limitation, they are using plants as model because plants are able to convert solar energy into chemical bond energy for producing chemical fuels so they are hoping to devise that system which is able to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds for long periods of time. (Steinberg, 2009) Geothermal form of energy may not be as conducive as far as its effects are concerned as compared to solar or wind, but it is also best renewable source of energy for the next generation and is one of the most cheaper forms of energy producing 50 times less quantity of CO2, nitric oxide, and sulfur emissions than other conventional use of fossil fuel power plants with other benefit being not requiring power storage. Geothermal energy is limitless and inexhaustible and â€Å"Geothermal power plants run at 89 to 97 percent uptime, in contrast to 75 to 90 percent uptime being offered from coal and nuclear. † (triplepundit, 2009) There is no doubt of the fact that our future lies in tapping nuclear power responsible for extricating 16 per cent of the world’s electric power. There are around 442 nuclear plants which are under operation in 30 countries with most of them operating in Western Europe and North America. Nuclear power creates no impact on global warming, as their emission level of greenhouse gases is virtually nil. From the uranium mining process to waste disposal including reactor and construction, in the whole of nuclear chain emanates only 2-6 grams of carbon per kilowatt-hour. This is very similar to the wind and solar power. It is a fact that if all over the world 440 nuclear power plants had to be closed down and in place are used the mix of non-nuclear sources, there would be an increase of 600 million tones of carbon every year. Though the nuclear plant is costly affair but it is more feasible if its long terms benefits are seen. (The International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004) Among the other sources of energy Algae is being rendered as an important alternative source of energy to biofuels on account of its higher level of energy contents, and yield per acre and its capacity to grow best in water. Its capacity to grow in water is quite huge. As per U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), algae have a potential capacity for producing 100 times more oil per acre than soybeans. Due it’s a higher content level, oil from algae can get refined into biodiesel, green gasoline, jet fuel or ethanol. Moreover, algae require only water, sunlight and CO2 for its growth. (Donovan Stowe, 2009) Looking at the benefits of the several alternative sources of energy, along with their cost effectiveness and the non pollutant properties, the need of the hour is to put an end to the use of the conventional source of energy and make use of the most cost effective alternative sources of energy. The innovative and technologically advanced use of the gift of nature will create an environment of the fresh air with more comforts for the whole human race. Reference List Associated Press. 2008. Wind energy could fuel future power needs. Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W.W. W. : http://www. electricityforum. com/news/aug03/windenergy. html Donovan, J. Stowe, N. (2009). Is the Future of Biofuels in Algae? Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W. W. W. : http://www. renewableenergyworld. com/rea/news/article/2009/06/is-the-future-of-biofuels-in-algae? cmpid=rss Farret, F. A. Simoes, M. G. (2006). Integration of alternative sources of energy. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. National Academy of Engineering. 2008. Make solar energy economical. Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W. W. W. : http://www. engineeringchallenges. org/cms/8996/9082. aspx/

Is transformational leadership effective in schools

Is transformational leadership effective in schools The leadership behaviour of school principals is an important aspect of student performance and the general functioning of the school as a whole. The importance of high quality, effective leadership has been shown to be one of the major contributing factors leading to high performance in schools (Reynolds, 1991; Hallinger and Heck, 1999; Sammons et al, 1995). Several research studies have shown Effective leadership not only improves educational outcomes; it also ensures that disciplinary problems among students are addressed effectively. Two major leadership styles that have been predominantly used are transactional and transformational styles of leadership. While the former is predominantly an instructional style of leadership while a transformational approach tends to be more team based. In applying different models of leaders and various approaches to leadership, there has been a general consensus that school leadership differs from organizational leadership, hence a team based ap proach may be more suitable. School leadership essentially needs to combine leadership and management capabilities. Everard and Morris (1990) have laid out five stages of management, wherein setting goals, planning and organizing resources for the achievement of goals and implementing control and corrective procedures are important in achieving the desired objectives. In the context of transformational leadership styles, Bolman and Deal (1997) are of the view that Poorly managed organizations with strong, charismatic leaders may soar temporarily only to crash shortly thereafter. (Bolman and Deal, 1997: xiii-xiv). In the international context, cultural implications may also need to be taken into consideration in determining what kind of leadership style would be relevant. On the basis of the above, the research question examined in this study is whether a transformational leadership style is really effective in schools? Definitions of school leadership: Outstanding leadership has invariably emerged as a key characteristic of outstanding schools (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 1989:99). The concept of leadership itself however, is not easy to define. There is no correct definition (Cuban, 1988:190), but some of its constituent elements include the process of influence(Leithwood et al, 1999:6; Ogawa and Bossert, 1995:225-6), mostly a social influence (Yuki, 2002:3) that may be exercised by individuals or by teams (Harris, 2002; Leithwood, 2001). The school as an organization is somewhat different from other organizations. As Mitchell and Tucker (1992) have pointed out, leadership has generally been viewed as the ability to take charge and ensure that the required objectives are met, which presents the quality of leadership as being somewhat aggressive. In the school environment however, such a view of leadership might not be entirely appropriate, because aggressive or instructional leadership would tend to ignore the benefits of teamwork or transformational leadership. With a school environment, leadership would be more about leaders extending invitations to the individuals and groups with whom they interact, in order to build a shared and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils. (Stoll and Fink, 1996: 109). Leadership theories and models: Within an educational context, existing leadership practices for school leaders prior to the 1950s were focused upon the lessons to be learnt from the prior experiences of school administrators and their insights into effective practice methods on the basis of their personal experiences. (Heck and Hallinger, 2005). This approach was however inadequate and attention shifted to the need to apply scientific principles based on empiricism rather than on the basis of ideals or personal beliefs and experiences. A transactional leadership style involves leaders who exchange tangible rewards for the work and the loyalty of their followers, thereby adopting a purely practical approach. Transformational leaders on the other hand, are able to motivate and inspire their followers and raise their consciousness about the desired objectives and outcomes, and how they could be achieved (Gellis, 2001; Judge and Piccolo, 2004). A later approach however, suggested that these two styles of leadership were not necessarily mutually exclusive; rather most good leaders appear to demonstrate some traits of both styles of leadership (Judge and Piccolo, 2004:755). A transformational leadership style relies largely upon the personality of the leader and his or her capacity to inspire and motivate followers. As Everard and Morris (1985) have pointed out within the school context however, an important task in an educational institution is the reconciliation of value systems of different people in such a manner that a clear statement of aims and beliefs is derived, to which a majority of the stakeholders can subscribe. (Everard and Morris, 1985:142). This must also be coupled with a clear, educationally focused vision, which articulates a realistic, credible, attractive future for the organization (Deal and Peterson, 1994). While the input, vision and ideals of the principal are important, the school context requires bringing together the ideas and commitments of a variety of people who have a stake in the success of the school. (Tom Sergiovanni, 1987). As Beare, Caldwell and Millikan (1989) have stated, outstanding leaders are those who have a vi sion for their school, but they also share this mental picture with everyone in the school community. The vision of the principal is vital because it serves as a pointer to the direction in which the school should go; however, if this vision is the principals alone and is not shared by the other members of the organization, then staff and students may tend to merely go through the motions rather than actually supporting the vision and being deeply committed to it. As Hopkins has pointed out, effective school leadership must embrace both the distinctive aspects of the school which set it apart, as well as the inclusive context of the school, which fosters unity of purpose. He points out that there are two aspects to leadership the first is the policy that one size fits all while on the other hand, is the claim that because each institution is unique and different, it cannot learn from the experiences of another institution. This principle may be fallacious and school leadership may need to adopt a policy of adapt practices that have been proven to be effective elsewhere and incorporate it within the specific context of their own schools. On this basis, he has suggested policy that school leadership must include both the distinctive and inclusive context of the school. This implies that (a) the context of the school must be embraced in its entirety before any practices proven elsewhere can be incorporated and (b) the particular mix of skills re quired in school leadership will differ from one context to the other. The contingency model of leadership specifically stipulates that in terms of its contextual variables, each school is unique. Although the homogeneity associated with globalisation tend to produce an assumption that a uniform leadership style may successfully be applied to all schools, this perception may not be strictly correct. Rather, as Dimmock and Walker have suggested, policies and practices should not be imported without due consideration of cultural and contextual appropriateness (Dimmock and Walker, 2000:144). Furthermore, Dimmer and Walker (2005) point out that globalization has produced phenomena such as distance education, which has produced an ethnocentric view of educational leadership issues, centred upon issues that are relevant in the US and the UK. But with the globalization of education, indicated that there may be a need to develop a cross cultural, international perspective of educational leadership and management. Another model proposed for educational leadership is the Leadership for Learning model, which is based upon a set of well defined principles that can be used to guide schools, their leaders and school districts in achieving high performance standards and sustaining learning (www.cebe.us) The basic principles associated with this model are as follows: (a) a focus on learning, i.e., learning is personalized and occurs in multiple contexts (b) creates setting to promote learning, i.e., providing multiple opportunities for learning and reflections on its nature (c) shares leadership, i.e., invites participation in leadership (d) promotes explicit conversations about leadership and learning, i.e., strengthening the relationship between the two and (e) incorporates mutual accountability, i.e., involving all stakeholders in making judgments about practice and outcomes. The transformational approach applied in schools: Barnett et al (2001) carried out a study in several state secondary schools in Wales, in which they investigated the relationship that existed between the transactional versus the transformational styles of leadership of the principals, taking into account the school outcomes as well as the school learning culture. The findings in this study suggested that contrary to what was expected, teacher outcomes such as satisfaction, extra effort and the perception of leader effectiveness were not positive where transformational leadership style were concerned. Rather, transformational leadership behaviour on the part of the principal, in terms of his or her vision and inspiration produced a significant negative association, both with teacher outcomes as well as with student learning culture. A transformational leadership style was however found to be quite effective in bringing about changed practices in teachers in a Dutch study which investigated the impact of this leadership style in the context of innovation programs. (Geijsel et al, 1999) This study showed that there were three significant dimensions to a transformational leadership style in school leadership, i.e., vision, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. These three aspects were analyzed in relation to how they influenced teacher concerns, teachers learning activities and teachers changed practices. The results showed that a transformational leadership style in school principals appeared to be quite effective in fostering innovative practices and bringing about changes in teacher practices. The direct effect of a transformational leadership style of principals on school staff turnover and school performance was examined in a study carried out by Griffin (2004). The data relied upon for deriving the findings in this study were (a) survey data from elementary school students and teachers and (b) student achievement test scores, derived from the student archives. This study did not demonstrate a direct positive or negative impact of transformational leadership on either student achievement scores or on the turnover of school staff. Principal transformational leadership showed a positive indirect impact on the job satisfaction of staff members and student achievement scores, which it had an indirect negative impact on staff turnover in terms of reducing the levels of staff turnover and thereby indicating that staff turnover had actually reduced as a result of the principals leadership style. Since the principals transformational style also produced a smaller gap between the achievements of minority and non minority students, this further contributed to high job satisfaction levels. A new leadership paradigm: The skills of leadership are even more important in a changing world. As Dilts (no date) points out, most of the existing literature on leadership focuses upon the characteristics of good leaders, but such characteristics are too vague and general to be of much use. Examining effective leadership styles within the business context may also be ineffective in a school environment, because the organization is geared towards profit making, while schools are geared towards imparting a strong educational foundation for students that does not merely include academic achievement. According to Dilts, effective leadership covers a variety of skills, including self skills, relational skills, strategic and systemic thinking skills and involves a mastery of various elements such as self, relationship, communication and problem space. On this basis, Dilts states that effective leadership in schools needs to address all of three different levels (a) micro leadership, i.e., issues at the levels of environment, behaviour and capability (b) macro leadership, or issues at the level of beliefs, values and role identity and (c) meta leadership or the levels of spirit and identity. Similarly, Dimmer and Walker (2005) have pointed out the need to incorporate cultural elements into the study of school leadership, especially in the context of globalization. They have put forward five propositions to map the direction of future cross cultural research into educational leadership and management. The essence of these propositions is that there is a need to develop a systematic, robust, comparative branch of educational leadership and management (Dimmer and Walker, 2005:198). The concept of culture must be clearly defined in order to avoid an over-simplified portrayal of societal differences as Western/Asian. Moreover, it could be difficult to successfully apply transformational leadership styles across different cultures, while a transactional approach that is based upon a simple system of incentives and rewards for the production of certain specific educational outcomes that are measured through tests, is much easier to apply. Bush has outlined different kinds of preparatory programs that principals are expected to take up. Daresh and Male (2000) carried out a comparative study of first year principals in Britain and the United States and point out that a significant culture shock is associated with moving into being the head of an institutional institution. Nothing could prepare the respondents.. For the change of perceptions of others or for the intensity of the job. (Daresh and Male, 2000:95). The major differences between leadership programs for principals in different countries is that some of them require a formal qualification for the position, while in others, this qualification is not mandatory and extensive teaching experience is used as the criterion for appointment. Conclusions: The research question that has been posed in this study is whether a transformational educational leadership style is really effective in educational leadership. In order to assess the efficacy of transformational leadership in education, the literature review above has also shown the need to incorporate cultural perspectives and the level of formal training principals receive. This aspect is especially relevant because not all administrators are able to inspire staff and students or fully understand their concerns. An approach to leadership that is derived purely on the basis of past experiences may also not be effective in the present day content. The transactional style of leadership may be effective in terms of applying measurable incentives in achieving the desired outcomes. Theoretically, a transformational approach should be more effective in providing a more successful educational leadership, but as shown above, in actual practice this might not necessarily be the case. The v ision and direction of the transformational approach must necessarily be participative if it is to be truly effective. If the vision for the school is purely the principals, then it is not likely to be successful in securing the commitment of the staff and students and may actually produce negative outcomes, especially when it fails to incorporate the cultural perspective. The Leadership for learning model appears to be the most relevant in the school context and it does incorporate a transformational approach in that it focuses on the context of learning; however most importantly, it also provides for a shared leadership. This indicates that the schools would need to develop a common vision and goals based upon the active participation of the principal, teachers and the students. This is the important aspect of transformational leadership which must be introduced if it is to be successful, i.e., the participative element. It could be successful in bringing about necessary changes in both students and teachers and also achieving the desired grades and educational outcomes, if the processes and procedures which are developed are based upon a common vision and common goals which the principal develops in association and with the active participation of all members of a school community, This would ensure commitment from everyone towards achieving those g oals.

Essay example --

What do I want to be when I grow up? What is answer to that question lies in some self-evaluation. What are my strengths and what are my weaknesses? What do I love to do and what I hate doing with my time. What would be realistic in the next maybe 60-70 years, possibly even more life that I have life left? Do I want structure mighty tall towers that touch the sky? Do I want to manage tens of billions of dollars of people’s money? Do I want to be an artist? Do I want to start my own successful enterprises? Or, will I fall into poverty, wage slavery, financial misery, and do nothing? Do I just sit there with student loan debt and not take action. Do I let my time to be spent in a matter I would not like, but â€Å"forced† so? So, many questions, so many possible answers to consider, let us consider some ultimate goals that have many ways to fortune, happiness, and success. First what do I, not anyone else, consider a success to be? Does it mean fame, power, and influence? Does it mean secrecy and peaceful. It depends on which one gives me the most utility of my life. I consider one is a success is to have control over time, to not have being dependent on anyone. I do have to put â€Å"work† over everyone else. If I could I could just walk off the job if I wanted and not have to worry about my standard of living going down. That presents a choice for me today, what do I have to sacrifice today to achieve tomorrow’s results and goals? Can I careless about debt and ring up the cash register for little toys that are going to be worthless in the future? Besides the fact of student loans, will I take out auto loans, go into credit card debt, and lose precious years of compounding to debt? All of the years that I will need for paying debt for l... ...icked a job and give a surmise of it. But, I am purposely being opaque. It just makes life all the better for me. It leaves for the reader (including the writer that is reading the text as he writes) to decide. Clearly there is a road that I am going down, which lane I am going down is to be known later. The basic topic of this essay is what you want to be when you grow up. Frankly, I will never stop growing. I might have some roles when I am growing up. While others fear about age, I love what it can bring. Ubiquitous thinking, eh, so as the writing goes to formal to causal to formal again, I will not recap what we learned. It is far easier for the reader to flip back to first three pages. Saves me a whole lot of time too, and time is a precious currency. This essay was started at 5:35am 7/25/13 and finished around 8 am that day. I hope you have a wonderful day

Hamlet and Revenge :: William Shakespeare Hamlet Revenge Essays

Hamlet And Revenge Revenge has caused the downfall of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an emotion easily rationalized; one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very big gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all but one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a sword battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal'd compact. "†¦our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteem'd him-did slay this Fortinbras." Young Fortinbras was enraged by his father’s murder and sought revenge against Denmark. He wanted to reclaim the land that had been lost to Denmark wh en his father was killed. "†¦Now sir, young Fortinbras†¦as it doth well appear unto our state-but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsative, those foresaid lands so by his father lost†¦" Claudius becomes aware of Fortinbras’ plans, and in an evasive move, sends a message to the new King of Norway, Fortinbras’ uncle. The king forbade Fortinbras to wage an attack against Denmark, and instead suggested he attack the Poles to vent his anger. Fortinbras agreed to the plan, but had no intentions of following it. Polonius was King Hamlet’s advisor and the father of Ophelia and Laertes, both of whom respected and loved him, despite his arrogant demeanour. Young Hamlet murdered Polonius accidentally, thinking him to be the king eves dropping on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother. "How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead!" Laertes returned home immediately after hearing of his father's death and confronted the King, accusing him of the murder of his father. Once Claudius told Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for his father's death, he and Claudius concoct a scheme to kill Hamlet using a poison tipped sword. "†¦Hamlet, thou art slain†¦The treacherous instrument is in thy, unbated and envenom'd†¦" Hamlet does indeed die as a result of wounds inflicted by Laertes, but it is the poisoned tipped sword that causes the demise of Laertes as well.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main character, Gatsby is the host of many elaborate parties at his home in West Egg. In the morning the lawn crew would come and pamper the yard, in the evening the cooks would begin to prepare the meals, and as dusk approached, the guests would pile out of their taxis, motor cars, and boats (36). Some invited and some not, all were coming in search of a pleasant evening among people. Fitzgerald’s parties unveiled a fun-loving, lazy side of most people in the 1920’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fitzgerald wrote in his novel that the guests would begin to arrive all at once, stepping out of their motor cars, adorned in their finest evening formal wear (36). The women of the story attend Gatsby’s parties in their newest gowns. The biggest concern on the minds of the attendants was their own appearance, and the appearance of others. One female guest indicated a total lack of concern over the shape of her dress at the end of the evening, for after the last discrepancy, Gatsby sponsored a new dress for her immediately (39).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his novel, the apparent scrutinization of modern society is prominent in his descriptive paragraphs, which do not reveal a character’s name. Fitzgerald writes of his guests about the time that they are present at the party, he does not write of their family, or occupational life, leading it to look like their lives were only important due to the party (39). The â€Å"girls in yellow† are a prime example where characterization shadows name and title. The most important thing about the â€Å"girls in yellow† is not where they came from, but what they have to say about Gatsby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gossiping at a party was Fitzgerald’s way to characterize his modern society as gullible. His own party attendants would have the ill manners to discuss his own background. The hushing circle would marvel over the Kaiser Wilhelm theory, then at the murderer theory (40).

Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy

Teenage Pregnancy: Who's To Blame? Over the past 10 years, teenage pregnancy has escalated about 10%. As the years pass, more blames for teen pregnancy come up. The first few years that teen pregnancy became a problem, the people blamed the girl that became pregnant. Then as it progressed worse and worse, the blame pointed to the father of the unborn child. When the movie â€Å"June' came out in around 2009 that became blame. Then came â€Å"16 and pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†.Hollywood started clamoring teen pregnancy pretty much saying its okay to be a teen mom because you can become ammos. This made the girls of the U. S think â€Å"Maybe since these girls are becoming famous for being a teen mom maybe I can too†. Then there's the no sex education in the schools. Schools these days think that all teens know about sex so why teach it? Teenage pregnancies are 100% preventable. Teenagers should make the right decision and choose abstinence. If they choose to ha ve premarital sex then they should take the right precautions to prevent pregnancies.Media and society plays a huge role in teen pregnancy. â€Å"16 and pregnant† is a show that publicizes pregnant teenage girls. It shows their struggles in life as a pregnant teen, how they try to deal with the Judgment of their peers, trying to go through school, having the baby, and trying to be a teenager. Another blame for teen pregnancy is peer pressure. Friends getting pregnant and boyfriends are the main peer pressure girls get. When a friend gets pregnant some girls get Jealous of the attention their friend is getting so they go and get pregnant so they can have the attention too.Then there's the boyfriend factor; most teenage boys are sexually active and continue that way with all the girls he boy comes in contact with. Most guys think â€Å"Oh well since all these girls she hangs around with are doing it I'll push her into doing it with me†, or they'll pull the â€Å"if you love me† card. As a teenage girl there are many things going through your mind when a boy likes you and wants to have relations with you. You think about if he really loves you, if he'll leave you if you don't do it, etc. Cost teenage girls that become pregnant will tell you miss, I became pregnant to maintain a stable relationship with my boyfriend†. There are also many schools that don't offer sex education. Most schools already have a high number of teenage pregnancies so they don't think they need it because most of the kids there are already sexually active. The other half of schools that do offer sex education, don't have any kids that sign up for the class. In 2009-12 there are more teenagers out there that are sexually active then there ever has before.Sex education is the place where kids learn about sex and how to take the right precautions to maintain health. A living environment is also to blame. If a teenage girl lives in a not so good part of town and her m other was also a teen mom, that girl might become a teen mother. Yes, a girl may not become a teen mom in those living environments, but they also can come in contact other bad influences. Most girls that are pregnant, and or have had sex stated that they were either intoxicated or under the influence of illegal drugs.Parent's are also a blame for teenage pregnancies. When parent doesn't have tell the child about sex or having babies, it hurts the child in the long run because when contraceptives. Also, when a parent drills into their kids' heads â€Å"don't have sex or lull be tramp† â€Å"don't get pregnant or I'll kick you out and you'll be homeless†, and try to restrict the kid from dating, talking to, hanging out with, or any type of contact with the opposite sex will cause the child to rebel against their parent's thus having sex and getting pregnant.In 2009, 1 of 11 year olds have had sex, 2. 4% of 12 year olds, even though pregnancy at these ages is very rare, sexual activity is more likely to be in the teens. 5. 4% of 13 year olds, 11% of 14 year olds, 20% of 15 year olds, 33% of 16 year olds, more than half of the teens 17 to 19 said that they were sexually active UT 25% said they have not until the age of 20 (Gale, 2007). The average age of a teen having premarital sex is 16. 4 years in Caucasians and 15. 5 years in African Americans (Talk of the Nation, 2008).It is estimated that 19% of teenage girls who get pregnant opt for abortion, with about 52% of women younger than 25 years old getting abortions. Of the girls who give birth, most decide to keep their babies. Between 1982 and 1988, only 3% of Caucasian girls gave up tier babies for adoption, compared to the 19% between 1965 and 1972. That figure is even smaller for African American arils. These figures still hold generally the truth now days (World of health, 2007). Not only does premarital sex without contraceptives lead to pregnancy it also leads to Studs that can lead to perma nent sickness and even death.Teenage mothers are at more risk of health problems than adult mothers. They are more open to dieses such as tootsie, anemia, and upperclassman. The number one contraceptive used by teenagers is birth control. It is 100% effective if taken the right way. The pro side of teen pregnancy is that you get to have a baby and that's about it. The con side of teen regency is that you are a child your self and you are in your teens you are suppose to have fun and live life.Teen pregnancy is becoming an epidemic and it needs to stop because the abortion rate is sky rocketing, babies are being left out in the rain with no parental guidance. Yes, there are some teens out there that are great parent's but they are very slim. When it comes to having children, teenagers are not able to raise them because they are children themselves. If teenagers think they are mature enough to have premarital sex then they should make the mature decision to prevent pregnancies.

Financial Management Essay

Question 1-3 Suppose three honest individuals gave you their estimates of Stock X’s intrinsic value. One is your current roommate, the second is a professional security analyst with an excellent reputation on Wall Street, and the third is Company X’s CFO. If the three estimates differed, in which one would you have the most confidence? Why? Question 1-7 Should stockholder wealth maximization be thought of as a long-term or short-term goal? For example, if one action increases a firm’s stock price from a current level of $20 to $25 in 6 months and then to $30 in 5 years but another action keeps the stock at $20 for several years but then increases it to $40 in 5 years, which action would be better? Think of some specific corporate actions that have these general tendencies. Question 1-9 The president of Southern Semiconductor Corporation (SSC) made this statement in the company’s annual report: â€Å"SSC’s primary goal is to increase the value of our common stockholders’ equity.† Later in the report, the following announcements were made: a. The company contributed $1.5 million to the symphony orchestra in Birmingham, Alabama, its headquarters city. b. The company is spending $500 million to open a new plant and expand operations in China. No profits will be produced by the Chinese operation for 4 years, so earnings will be depressed during this period versus what they would have been had the decision been made not to expand in China. c. The company holds about half of its assets in the form in U.S. Treasury bonds, and it keeps these funds available for use in emergencies. In the future, though, SSC plans to shift its emergency funds from Treasury bonds to common stocks.

Plans for expansion of The new 3G technology

1. T-mobile already has a wide range of mobile phones available on different payment tariffs. Phones are always being updated and new innovations. The latest invention in the mobile world is 3G enabled mobile phones. Mobile phones have evolved a lot since the first 1G analogue phone. After the 1G mobile phone 2G phone was next this included GSM, TDMA and cdmaone. After the 2G phones came the 2.5G phones this included the ideas of the 2G phones but at a faster rate and the EDGE technology. The 3G phone will have wireless technology which will enable enhancements to current applications, including greater data speeds, increased capacity for voice and data and the advent of packet data networks versus today's switched networks. The new 3G mobile phones will enable users to access the internet. 2. The production processes will need to be carefully managed when manufacturing the new 3G mobile phones. There are three different types of production methods which could be used batch, flow and job production. I believe the best production method for this product would be batch production as this would suit the type of product well. The advantages of using the batch production system would mean increased output of the product. The costs of production would be reduced. Some flexibility is retained so that different types of the product can be made 3. I think that patents/trademarks/copyright would be a good idea to use for the new 3G technology of mobile phone however to enforce this business would need expensive court action. 4. The new product will need a good marketing strategy which keeps in theme with the other products available from the company. The marketing mix technique which is a combination of product, price, promotion and place. The price of the product is a very important factor to consider there are 2 factors that affect the price of a product the elasticity and supply and demand. If the product is price inelastic then it is not very sensitive to changes in price. If the product is price elastic then the product in very sensitive to changes in price I believe that the new 3G mobile phone is a price elastic product and if you changed the price the demand would vary a lot. Promotion is another important factor when introducing a new product. There are two types of promotion above the line and below the line promotion. Above the line promotion is through media such as TV, radio, and cinema. Below the line promotion is a range of promotional techniques such as personal selling, direct marketing in which the firms have control over as they are usually led by them not outside agencies. I believe that the new 3G mobile phone will benefit from promotion on the television, through direct mail shots and newspaper promotions. 5. Some of the advantages of the new 3G technology. The new 3G technology will improve communication skills due to the widespread access to information it will allow more sophisticated communication. The new 3G mobile phones will be better quality and the customers will have more choice. Some of the disadvantages with the new 3G technology would be the cost of the new technology is quite high there are also some risks involved in integrating the new product. There may also be some resistance to the change in the new mobile phone technology. Overall I think that the advantages out weigh the disadvantages. 6. For managing the change I would suggest recording how the sales of the original products are selling before the 3G mobile phones are introduced and then also recording the sales when the new 3G mobile technology is introduced. If the sales of the old product falls new marketing techniques could be used to increase the sale sof this product and to maintain the sales of the new product. 7. In conclusion I have found that the new 3G technology would be a good new product for the company to introduce alongside the other wide range of mobile phones t-mobile has on offer. My advice would be to introduce the new 3G technology for a trial and see how the product sells and what marketing techniques need to be used for the product.

Death of a Salesman Essay Essay

The play ‘Death Of A Salesman’, the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman whom is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really give the story a strong undertow of depression. And logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably. However the combination of both the stage and screen productions accurately depict the shortcomings of the capitalist society. Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play,(on par with his luck) translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, whom Willy looked upon with great admiration for becoming extremely wealthy and the ripe old age of 21. However Willy also becomes very depressed when Ben leaves, the fact being that he re-realizes the meagerness of his own life, and that he is still making payments on all of his possessions. Willy then comprehends that by the time his worldly possessions are paid for†¦they shall no longer be of any use. For example, the Loman house has become virtually unnecessary now that the two sons have moved out. It isn’t until after Willy’s death that the final mortgage payment is made†¦.for a house with no one inside it. The one example of this statement is given by Linda during the final paragraph of the play, ‘I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And there will be nobody home. We’re free and clear†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.we’re free†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.we’re free†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦we’re free’ As the plot thickens, Willy the salesman plummets deeper and deeper into depression until his most likely route of action, which of course is suicide. However the reasoning behind this course of action, we find, is his genuine love for his family, along with Willy’s deep longing to supply his family with as much money as he can possibly get his hands on. As we learn more about Willy’s trials and tribulations, the age old expression ‘like father like son’ appears out of nowhere like a beacon. Like his father, Willy’s son Biff also has some problems of his own, the main one being that Biff cannot seem to find his niche in life. Furthermore, we are told that Biff at one point did in fact have his future all planned out. It turns out that Biff was a shoe-in for a position on the University Of Virginia State football team. However, that chance was all but lost when Biff did not qualify to pass his final mathematics course. Now as you can imagine the fact that Biff had to explain this to his father was quite a large problem in itself. But to add insult to injury, when Biff made the trip to Boston to explain his mathematical dilemma, he is horrified to find that his father has been with another women. And this one incident would leave Biff being an entirely different person altogether. He didn’t even make an attempt to finish his math in summer school. After Boston, Biff couldn’t have cared less what happened to his own life. However, as is in life, out of something horrible comes something worthy. And Biff finally comes to the realization that he in fact wants to make his future. And that future entails working in the outdoors on a farm. The other reasoning behind this life decision is of course, is to go against the wishes and values that his father has tried to instill in Biff his entire life. Biff pours his heart to his brother Hap one quarter through act I. †¦..’To devote your whole life to keeping stock, or making phone calls, or selling or buying. To suffer fifty weeks a year for the sake of a two week vacation, when all you really desire is to be outdoors, with your shirt off †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Fortunately for Biff, he determines his future by the play’s conclusion. He comes to the understanding that he and Willy were never meat to be business men. Including that they were intended to be working on a farm with their hands. And after vexing to procure Hap to come with him (which is to no avail), he escapes from his home to continue on with the rest of his life. Which for Biff seems to be the soundest choice, the decision that Willy just couldn’t make. Hap on the other hand stays with his father, and at play’s end decides to follow in Willy’s footsteps. That of course is to succeed at business at all costs. Both the stage and screen rendition utilize a melange of distinct effects to set the tone and to enact the specific place where the action transpires. For example the stage interpretation utilizes a unique convention that involves walking through the set to delineate circumstances in the past, or episodes going on inside the mind of Willy. This illusion can be easily created with specific crossfades and musical underlay, and of course willing suspension of disbelief. Divergently, in the screen production the set is obviously utilized in a completely different manner. On that account the movie uses a distinct fading and brightening lighting technique, that still stays true to the conventions set forth by the playwright. The one device that the screen production contains that the stage does not, is the ability to display the past events of Willy’s life in a completely accurately set manner. Meaning when there is a flashback to a previous happening, the setting travels back in time as well. Which, from a certain perspective, better illustrates the past recollections of Willy and his family. As mentioned the stage production successfully employs music to delineate certain characters or the tone of that particular instant. There is in fact music used in the movie, however it is only a small aspect of the screen medium whereas it is an integral component of the stage version. Although you cannot fully comprehend the importance of the music by simply reading the play, it must be performed right in front of you.. While the movie gives you a generally decent feel for the musical intonation. In its entirety the music does an excellent job of setting the mood that Willy is in. The play is set inside the house of Willy Loman. Surrounding his house are some tall building that are quite visible on the edges of the set. The house itself contains two bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen. This is also where the majority of the action of the play takes place. All other action happens outside the house lines. Which for a stage audience requires them to suspend their disbelief even further. Whereas in a movie the viewer isn’t required to stretch any of his or her imaginations. Although this particular screen production utilized a uncommon convention that allowed the viewer to actually see through the set. One other interesting convention used by the designer was that there was no roof on the house at certain times during the performance. And in place of the roof were huge buildings and skyscrapers. These buildings were used to divulge a over-powering feeling of gloom. This tool is much more effectual in the movie, due to its original and abstract nature. This was also was very helpful during Willy’s dreams, on account of the house would exude an aura of peace an tranquillity. Together with the prevalent set in the movie, (where there is a roof and normal fencing), the idea is very well perceived. In spite of the fact that this play has been described as a modern tragedy, there has been some controversy to that description. The reason being that it does not accompany the standard protocol of tragedy. Traditionally speaking, a tragedy usually begins with the main character in the midst of a prominent position of piety. And over the course of the play becomes transformed and that character flips to a lower level of status. A tragedy is also reputed to acquaint its audience with regard to life. The audience should leave a tragedy feeling virtuous about themselves, even though the tragedy concludes on a note of melancholy. This is why scholars say they cannot include this play in the definition of tragedy. This famous tale of a salesman contains a singular main character; Willy (The Salesman)Loman, his two strapping young lads Happy and Biff, and of course his adoring wife Linda. Willy struggles to climb his way up the American capitalist hierarchy, but its seems his ship will not come in. In spite of the fact that Willy would much rather be laboring with his hands, he is set  in the mindset that his real love could never make enough money. Disappointment after disappointment Willy decides that his only way to provide for his family would be to commit suicide. The number one son of the salesman, Biff, is paving his way for a discouraging life. Symbolically speaking, the character of Biff represents Willy at a younger age, for they both carry the same characteristics. However Biff is given the same chance to do something with his life, and surprisingly enough he takes it. As for Willy’s other son, Happy decides that he will take the same long, hard road as his father, only he t hinks that he’ll make it. The Character of Willy Loman seem to be the consummate model to illustrate the dissension of the American capitalist ideals. For example he is a salesman who dons an aged suit that is ceaselessly creased during the course of the screen production, moreover in the script is directed to appear dilapidated. He drive an archaic, run down vehicle on the brink of extinction. While on the contrary, a proper salesman must appear presentable and attractive to market his goods. And Willy definitely does not harmonize with the ideals of being a salesman, divergently he pains to match it. Moreover that is the reason why he doesn’t belong inside the world of business. As exemplified in the passage made by Biff in the requiem. ‘When he’d come from a trip; or on Sundays, making the stoop†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.You know something Charley, there’s more of him in that front stoop than in all the sales he ever made.’ This story seems to epitomize the frivolity of agonizing to achieve something as insignificant as money and power. It definitely makes one question the social values of the American capitalist system, and why certain individual continue to pursue the ideals of that system on a daily basis. For the downside to the capitalist dream is hopelessness. And that downside is more than apparent in the Loman family. Quote on page one: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.139 Quote on page two: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.22 Quote on page four: Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller, Viking Penguin Inc. 1949, Pg.138

Business Organistions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Organistions - Essay Example At the end of the day, the savings that comes from establishing good leadership skills could result to increasing revenue generation on the part of the company. In general, there is simply no ground or rules behind choosing the best leadership style. To become an effective leader, a manager should be able to search for the type of leadership approach that works best for them. Often times, choosing the best leadership style depends on the manager’s personality, working environment and the members of the team. To avoid wasting time, money, and effort associated with the need to go through the consequences of mismanagement, this study will discuss and elaborate the different leadership techniques used in today’s business organization. In the process of discussing each type of leadership approach, situational examples will be provided to give the readers a better understanding of each leadership techniques that will be discussed in the study. Transformational leadership style is unique in the sense that this approach has four components known as: (1) charisma or idealized influence; (2) inspirational motivation; (3) intellectual stimulation; (4) and individual consideration. (Bass, 1998; Bass et al., 1996; Bass, 1985) Personal charisma is a significant characteristic of a good leader since it is a form of referrent power which could enable a manager to effectively attract his/her subordinates to seriously cooperate with the leader in order to make the organizational goal attainable. (Palmer et al., 2001; Posakoff & Schriesheim, 1985) Considering that transformational leaders are intellectually inclined, this type of leaders tend to go beyond what is happening around his environment since they have the ability to implement new ideas whenever necessary (Johannsen, 2004) aside from being flexible with organizational changes that may

Ethics Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Reflection Paper - Essay Example This paper will examine the role of Ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan as well as engage some personal reflection. To begin with, one should note that while Ethics might seem as an abstract matter that does not have any real application to the business world, it may be rather helpful because of several reasons. On the one hand, it provides a company with comprehensive guidelines who to treat people who are engaged in the business activity (Pearce & Robinson, 2013). In other words, it sets the ground rules that every one is obliged to follow. On the other hand, this results in the emergence of effective interaction and contributes to the success of the strategic plan that is being developed by a company. In addition to that, one should also note that notion of social responsibility is the one that should be engaged in the discussion as well. It is truly essential for a development of a strategic plan since it allows the company to identify the stakeholders who will be affected by the actions which will be carried out. With this in mind it is rather easy to outline the future impact and introduce certain adjustments if necessary. Furthermore, it provides a company with an ability to make rough predictions about its future and the nature of interaction with the public, avoiding possible conflicts that might ruin this cooperation from the very beginning if an organization is careless about its influence. What is more important is that a socially responsible company not only acknowledges its impact, but it also strives to make a valuable contribution to the local environment. This means that an organization tries to minimize the harm that is brought by its activities and launches different programs which may or may not be related to its industry that help the local community in a number of ways. As a result, a company accepts its role is a local member and tries to â€Å"do

Romanticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Romanticism - Essay Example I would agree with the statement that music is emotional. It could also be said that music is the most emotional of all arts. However I do not agree that music finds its ultimate style in Romanticism. Many composers, before and after the Romanticism movement, can evoke emotion as well. The Romantic style opened the doors for a broader spectrum of emotional music. It broke the standards of music of the time, allowing composers and musicians to express themselves openly. I do respect the Romantic style for that. While I have my favorites, I would not place one music style over another one. This includes the Romanticism era as well. Romanticism allowed the composer or artist the freedom to express their emotions. Instead of trying to please the audience, the artist wrote and played music for themselves. Lee Marshall explains: The only appropriate judge of the work becomes the artists himself because only the artist knows whether the work is true and the audience can only abide by Romanticism’s ‘first law [which] is the will of the creator.’ (33) The artist pours themselves into a piece of work, which in turn allows the audience to feel the artist’s emotion more clearly. An example would be Shubert’s â€Å"Death and a Maiden†. This piece of music relates how Shubert feels about his impending death.

Human Resource Career Development Activities Essay - 1

Human Resource Career Development Activities - Essay Example Free trade agreements have increased activities around the world. We have encountered the need to interface, travel, and live in many parts of the world. Yet, often our employees do not have a cultural familiarity with the people that they contact in meetings, e-mail, or by telephone. Baugh (2005) has pointed out the importance of mentoring in career development (p. 523). It is time to extend our mentoring program outside our borders and view the world as our office, learn about the host country we are dealing with, their work role, office culture, and prepare people for international assignments. We also have a need for our internal employees to understand diversity in the workplace. Currently, we place a high value on our recruiting efforts in this area. However, the positive effects of creating a diverse workforce will be entirely dependent on how they are perceived by the men and women in our organization. (Burke 2005 p. 191). If the existing employees are not open to such policies, it will create new problems rather than solve existing ones (Burke 2005 p. 191). Improper and inadequate diversity training hold everyone back, even the beneficiaries of affirmative programs. We also have a need to offer our employees a program of lifelong learning. Education for everyone is an activity whose value has been proven. Education should include job related technical training as well as personal growth. Where this program has been implemented it has been a success. McGoldrick (2001) reports that the "investment in lifelong learning for employees has paid off in positive career experiences and positive psychological contracts". Workers feel like they are a valuable part of the organization and are worth investing in. Employees benefit from the training and also form a better psychological relationship with the company. The three activities of international mentoring, diversity training, and lifelong learning can add tangible and

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 33

Journal - Assignment Example He tries to show that one does not need to live in denial, but can accept his/her condition by living positively. The writer of this book shows that cancer patients can do what cancer-free people can do. A cancerous patient does not need to feel that it is the end, but another challenge of life. Hitchens points out that a patient needs to take medication very seriously. He argues that a chemotherapy, radiation or surgeries are the main treatments that a cancerous patient may encounter (Hitchens 619). Hitchens argues that people do not have cancer, but rather battle cancer. The author implies that the treatment of cancer is a process, and a patient must follow in order to be healthy. Hitchens is a good example of persons battling with cancer. With a positive mentality, Hitchens shows that a cancerous person can easily recover. It shows that cancerous patients must have hope and get the required treatment. Cancer patients should not think that they cannot enjoy life just as cancer-free

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the company wants to attract more international tourists to earn revenue in the 1st year. Some more objectives are presented in the study. The mission of Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is to provide top quality tourism services to the customers. They will focus on the 100% customer satisfaction and provide services on time. They are confident that the service of the company will exceed the traveler’s expectation. Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is going to start their tourism business in the market of Spain. The company will provide attractive tourist packages to its customers which includes various tourist destinations in Spain. The company gives the promise to understand their travel needs and design as per the criteria for individuals, groups and corporate. The company is small in size consists of 3 shareholders and the division of shares is 40%, 30%, and 30%. The company has one director, one managing director, one secretar y and a few more efficient employees to run the business. This company will provide community-based tourism to its clients. The services which they will provide must be quality based services. Their services include- all transfers, hotel and accommodation booking, all tours within Spain, Transport by private cars, trains, coach etc., and services of knowledgeable, well-trained guides who know the major languages in the world. The products the company will offer and the services they have designed to offer after keeping the customer’s priority in mind. Spain is the world leader in the holiday tourism and the cultural tourism is also growing steadily over the last few years. Museums, monuments, Aqueduct of Segovia, La Concha, Running of the Bulls, Palacio Real etc are the special attraction of Spain which also are included in the packages which are going to offer by this company.

Goverance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goverance - Essay Example s and responsibilities of senior management, the crucial problems that affect success in the total enterprise, and the decisions that determine the direction of the organization and shape its function†. Policies and strategic management are responsibilities of the chief executive officer (CEO). A major task under these responsibilities is corporate governance which is simply defined as â€Å"controlling, restraining and directing the making and administration of these policies† (Webster 1997). In health care, like in any other enterprise, administrative issues that affect the relevant structures of the health institution are ultimately governed by the CEO or the board of directors. It is in this regard that this paper aims to examine a specific administrative issue that required the skills and professional expertise of the CEO to steer the health organization’s direction towards the attainment of its goals. The mission of one of the top ten hospitals in Asia is to improve the delivery of quality health care conforming to the strict standards of the Joint Accreditation Commission of Health Organizations (JACHO). It came to the attention of the Vice President for Nursing that their Nurse Managers are torn between prioritizing functions which are administrative in nature vis-à  -vis functions that cater to the delivery of patient care. Due to the Nurse Managers’ theoretical orientation for health care, the administrative tasks such as completion of reportorial requirements, monitoring and upkeep of equipment and supplies, staff requirements and budgeting are frequently neglected or seconded with priorities being focused to patient care. Every nursing unit in the hospital is headed by a nurse manager who is assigned as the chief head nurse on duty. Her job responsibilities entail patient care as the primary task and managerial functions such as planning, directing, staffing and control. These multi-task functions coupled with low pay contributed to low